1 Introduction & overview
Summary
Introduction
Modern endodontics
Scope of endodontics
Role of microorganisms
Tissue response to root canal infection
Quality assurance
Recent developments
Learning outcomes
References
2 General and systemic aspects of endodontics
Summary
Introduction
Differential diagnosis of dental pain
Maxillary sinus
Systemic disease and endodontics
Use of antibiotics in endodontics
Control of pain and anxiety
British National Formulary
Learning outcomes
References
3 Diagnosis
Summary
Introduction
History
Examination
Investigations
Differential diagnosis
Restorability
Treatment options
Specific endodontic treatment options
Learning outcomes
References
4 Pulp space anatomy & access cavities
Summary
Introduction
Nomenclature
Accessory and lateral canals
Location of apical foramina
Variations in pulp space anatomy
Effects of irritation dentine on pulp space
Pulp space anatomy and access cavities
Pulp space anatomy of primary teeth
Apical closure
Learning outcomes
References
5 Maintaining dental pulp vitality
Summary
Introduction
Pulp-dentine complex
Pulp response to irritants
Pulpal irritants
Management of deep caries
Management of pulp exposure
Regenerative developments
Pulp response and maintaining pulp vitality
Learning outcomes
References
6 Instrumentation in endodontics
Summary
Introduction
Basic instrument pack
Rubber dam
Instruments for access cavity preparation
Instruments for root canal preparation
Devices to determine working length
Irrigant delivery devices
Instruments for retrieving broken instruments and posts
Instruments for filling root canals
Storage and sterilization of endodontic instruments
Loupes, fibre-optic lights and operating microscopes
Learning outcomes
References
7 Preparation of the root canal system
Summary
Introduction
Gaining access to the root canals
Working length determination
Root canal irrigation
Instrumentation techniques
Controversies in root canal cleaning and shaping
Learning outcomes
References
8 Intracanal medication
Summary
Introduction
History
Rationale and overview of applications
Microbiology of endodontic infections
Antimicrobial agents
Resistance of oral microbes to medicaments
Concept of predictable disinfection in endodontics
Induction of hard tissue formation
Pain of endodontic origin
Exudation and bleeding
Root resorption
Tissue distribution of medicaments
Tissue toxicity and biological considerations
Suggested clinical procedures
Learning outcomes
References
9 Root canal filling
Summary
Introduction
Canal anatomy
Access and canal preparation
Criteria for filling
Materials used to fill root canals
Sealers
Smear layer
Gutta-percha
Other methods of root canal filling
Coronal restoration
Follow-up
Treatment outcome
Learning outcomes
References
10 Surgical endodontics
Summary
Introduction
Treatment choices
Indications for periradicular surgery
Preoperative assessment
Surgical kit
Surgical technique
Periradicular surgery of particular teeth
Repair of perforation
Replantation/transplantation
Regenerative procedures
Treatment outcome – aetiology and evaluation
Retreatment of surgical procedures
Learning outcomes
References
11 Endodontics in primary teeth
Summary
Introduction
Treatment of primary teeth
Learning outcomes
References
12 Endodontic aspects of traumatic injuries
Summary
Introduction
History, examination and immediate management
Types of injury
Effects of trauma on the dental tissues
Management of primary teeth
Management of permanent teeth
Root canal treatment of immature teeth
Avoidance of cervical root fracture
Surgical treatment of immature teeth
Revascularisation treatment of immature teeth
Regenerative treatment of immature teeth
Auto-transplantation of an immature premolar into the incisor space
Complications
Orthodontic treatment
Learning outcomes
References
13 Marginal periodontitis & the dental pulp
Summary
Anatomical considerations
Effect of inflamed pulp on the periodontium
Effect of marginal periodontitis on the pulp
Classification
Complications due to radicular anomalies
Alternatives to implants
Learning outcomes
References
14 Problems in endodontic treatment
Summary
Emergency treatment
Failure of anaesthesia in acute inflammation
Problems with preparation of the root canal system
Problems with filling of the root canal system
Learning outcomes
References
15 Restoration of endodontically treated teeth
Summary
Introduction
Effects of endodontic treatment on the tooth
Survival of the endodontically treated tooth
Timing the restorative procedure
Restoration choice
Posts
Learning outcomes
References
