Fundamental Neuroscience - Edition 4 - Edited by Larry Squire, Darwin Berg, Floyd E. Bloom, Sascha du Lac, Anirvan Ghosh and Nicholas C. Spitzer Elsevier Inspection Copies

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Fundamental Neuroscience,

Edition 4

Edited by Larry Squire, Darwin Berg, Floyd E. Bloom, Sascha du Lac, Anirvan Ghosh and Nicholas C. Spitzer

Publication Date: 06 Nov 2012

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The fourth edition of Fundamental Neuroscience reinvents itself as an engrossing and comprehensive presentation of the discipline of neuroscience, from molecules to cognition. Thorough but succinct, and lavishly illustrated, the book builds from an introductory section that includes fundamental neuroanatomy and goes on to cover cellular and molecular neuroscience, development, sensory systems, motor systems, regulatory systems, and behavioral and cognitive neuroscience. The book has been retooled to better serve its audience in the neuroscience and medical communities.

The chapters include more than 100 boxes describing clinical conditions, techniques, and other special topics. Each chapter went through a thorough review process, giving the book an evenness of tone. The chapters are authored by outstanding working scientists who are experts on the topics they cover.

Key Features

Selected for inclusion in Doody's Core Titles 2013, an essential collection development tool for health sciences libraries
30% new material including new chapters on dendritic development and spine morphogenesis, chemical senses, cerebellum, eye movements, circadian timing, sleep and dreaming, and consciousness
Accompanying website for students and instructors
Additional text boxes describing key experiments, disorders, methods, and concepts
More than 650 four-color illustrations, micrographs, and neuroimages
Multiple model system coverage beyond rats, mice, and monkeys
Extensively expanded index for easier referencing

About the author

Edited by Larry Squire, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Darwin Berg, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Floyd E. Bloom, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Sascha du Lac, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Anirvan Ghosh, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA and Nicholas C. Spitzer, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

List of Boxes

Preface to the Fourth Edition

About the Editors

Contributors

I: Fundamental Neuroscience

Chapter 1. Fundamentals of Neuroscience

A Brief History of Neuroscience

The Terminology of Nervous Systems is Hierarchical, Distributed, Descriptive, and Historically Based

Neurons and Glia Are Cellular Building Blocks of the Nervous System

Cellular Organization of the Brain

Organization of this Text

This Book is Intended for a Broad Range of Scholars of the Neurosciences

Clinical Issues in the Neurosciences

The Genomic Inventory is a Giant Step Forward

Neuroscience Today: a Communal Endeavor

The Creation of Knowledge

Responsible Conduct

Summary

References

Chapter 2. Basic Plan of the Nervous System

Introduction

Evolution Highlights: General Organizing Principles

Development Reveals Basic Vertebrate Parts

The Basic Plan of Nervous System Connectivity

Overview of the Adult Mammalian Nervous System

References

II: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

Chapter 3. Cellular Components of Nervous Tissue

Neurons

Specific Examples of Different Neuronal Types

Neuroglia

Cerebral Vasculature

References

Chapter 4. Subcellular Organization of the Nervous System: Organelles and Their Functions

Axons and Dendrites: Unique Structural Components of Neurons

Protein Synthesis in Nervous Tissue

Cytoskeletons of Neurons and Glial Cells

Molecular Motors in the Nervous System

Building and Maintaining Cells of the Nervous System

References

Chapter 5. Membrane Potential and Action Potential

Membrane Potential

Passive Electrical Properties of the Neuron

Action Potential

References

Chapter 6. Neurotransmitters

Several Modes of Neuronal Communication Exist

Chemical Transmission

Classical Neurotransmitters

Nonclassical Neurotransmitters

Peptide Transmitters

Unconventional Transmitters

The Expanding Synapse and Gliotransmission

References

Chapter 7. Release of Neurotransmitters

Transmitter Release is Quantal

Excitation–Secretion Coupling

Molecular Mechanisms of the Nerve Terminal

Quantal Analysis: Probing Synaptic Physiology

Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity

References

Chapter 8. Neurotransmitter Receptors

Ionotropic Receptors

G-Protein Coupled Receptors

References

Chapter 9. Intracellular Signaling

Signaling Through G-Protein-Linked Receptors

Modulation of Neuronal Function by Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

Intracellular Signaling Affects Nuclear Gene Expression

References

Chapter 10. Postsynaptic Potentials and Synaptic Integration

Ionotropic Receptors: Mediators of Fast Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Potentials

Metabotropic Receptors: Mediators of Slow Synaptic Potentials

Integration of Synaptic Potentials

Synaptic Plasticity

References

Chapter 11. Information Processing in Dendrites and Spines

Introduction

Synaptic Integration in Passive Dendrites

Synaptic Integration in Active Dendrites

Structure and Function of Dendritic Spines

Computations Performed by Dendrites

Summary

References

Chapter 12. Brain Energy Metabolism

Energy Metabolism of the Brain as a Whole Organ

Tight Coupling of Neuronal Activity, Blood Flow, and Energy Metabolism

Energy-Producing and Energy-Consuming Processes in the Brain

Glutamate Metabolism: A Coordinated Shuttle Between Astrocytes and Neurons

Brain Energy Metabolism at the Cellular Level

The Astrocyte-Neuron Metabolic Unit

References

III: Nervous System Development

Chapter 13. Neural Induction and Pattern Formation

Neural Induction

Early Neural Patterning

Regionalization of the Central Nervous System

Conclusions

References

Chapter 14. Cellular Determination

Introduction

Neurogenesis

The Proneural and Neurogenic Genes

Transcriptional Hierarchies and Networks

Asymmetric Cell Division and Cell Fate

Neurons and Glia

Sensory Neurons of the Peripheral Nervous System

The Retina

The Spinal Cord

Motor Neurons

The Cerebral Cortex

Conclusions

References

Chapter 15. Neurogenesis and Migration

Introduction

Development of the Peripheral Nervous System

Segmental Migration of Neural Crest Cells

Cell Migration in the CNS

References

Chapter 16. Growth Cones and Axon Pathfinding

Growth Cones are Actively Guided

Guidance Cues for Developing Axons

Guidance Cues and the Control of Cytoskeletal Dynamics

Guidance at the Midline: Changing Responses to Multiple Cues

Topographic Mapping

References

Chapter 17. Synapse Formation

Development of the Neuromuscular Synapse

Synapse Formation in the Central Nervous System

References

Chapter 18. Programmed Cell Death and Neurotrophic Factors

Cell Death and the Neurotrophic Hypothesis

The Origins of Programmed Cell Death and its Widespread Occurrence in the Developing Nervous System

Functions of Neuronal Programmed Cell Death

Modes of Cell Death in Developing Neurons

The Mode of Neuronal Cell Death Reflects the Activation of Distinct Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms

Nerve Growth Factor: the Prototype Target-Derived Neuronal Survival Factor

The Neurotrophin Family

Neurotrophin Receptors

Secretion and Axonal Transport of Neurotrophins and Pro-Neurotrophins

Signal Transduction Through TRK Receptors

Multiple Cytokines and Growth Factors Implement Neurotrophic Activities

Programmed Cell Death is Regulated by Interactions with Targets, Afferents, and Nonneuronal Cells

The Role of Trophic Factors and Programmed Cell Death in Neuropathology

References

Chapter 19. Synapse Elimination

Overview

The Purpose of Synapse Elimination

A Structural Analysis of Synapse Elimination at the Neuromuscular Junction

A Role for Interaxonal Competition and Activity

Is Synapse Elimination Strictly a Developmental Phenomenon?

References

Chapter 20. Dendritic Development

Dynamics of Dendritic Arbor Development

Transcriptional Control of Dendrite Development

Extracellular Regulation of Dendritic Development

Dendritic Development and Circuit Formation in Mammalian Retina

Laminar Specificity in the Inner Plexiform Layer

Activity-Dependent Dendritic Development

The Synaptotrophic Model Of Dendrite Development

Branch Retraction and Synapse Elimination

Calcium-Dependent Mechanisms That Mediate Dendritic Growth

Protein Synthesis Dependent Regulation of Dendrite Development

Convergence And Divergence

Conclusion

References

Chapter 21. Early Experience and Sensitive Periods

Birdsong: Learned by Experience

Sound Localization: Calibrated by Early Experience in the Owl

Binocular Processing in the Mammalian Visual Cortex Depends on Early Experience

A Sensitive Period for Shaping the Temperament of Rats

Principles of Sensitive Period Learning

References

IV: Sensory Systems

Chapter 22. Fundamentals of Sensory Systems

Sensation and Perception

Receptors

Peripheral Organization and Processing

Central Pathways and Processing

Sensory Cortex

Summary

References

Chapter 23. Chemical Senses: Taste and Olfaction

Taste

Olfaction

Different Odors Activate Different Combinations of Glomeruli

Pheromone Detection

References

Chapter 24. The Somatosensory System

Peripheral Mechanisms of Somatic Sensation

Nociception

CNS Components of Somatic Sensation

Thalamic Mechanisms of Somatic Sensation

The Path from Nociception to Pain

Cortical Representation of Touch

References

Chapter 25. Audition

External and Middle Ear

The Cochlea

The Auditory Nerve

Central Nervous System

References

Chapter 26. Vision

Overview

Sensory Systems Detect Contrast or Change

The Eye and the Retina

The Retinogeniculocortical Pathway

References

V: Motor Systems

Chapter 27. Fundamentals of Motor Systems

Basic Components of the Motor System

Motor Programs Coordinate Basic Motor Patterns

Roles of Different Parts of the Nervous System in the Control of Movement

Conclusion