Chapter 1. A History of Public Health

• Introduction
• Prehistoric Societies
• The Ancient World
• The Early Medieval Period (Fifth to Tenth Centuries CE)
• The Late Medieval Period (Eleventh to Fifteenth Centuries)
• The Renaissance (1400–1600s)
• Enlightenment, Science, and Revolution (1600s–1800s)
• Foundations of Health Statistics and Epidemiology
• Social Reform and the Sanitary Movement (1830–1875)
• Hospital Reform
• The Bacteriological Revolution
• Microbiology and Immunology
• Maternal and Child Health
• Nutrition in Public Health
• Military Medicine
• Globalization of Health
• Epidemiological Transition
• Achievements of Public Health in the Twentieth Century
• Creating and Managing Health Systems
• Challenges in the Twenty-First Century
• Summary
• Historical Markers
• Note

Chapter 2. Expanding the Concept of Public Health

• Introduction
• Concepts of Public Health
• Evolution of Public Health
• Health and Disease
• The Natural History of Disease
• Society and Health
• Modes of Prevention
• Demographic and Epidemiological Transition
• Interdependence of Health Services
• Defining Public Health
• The World Health Organization’s Definition of Health
• Selective Primary Care
• The Risk Approach
• The Case for Action
• Political Economy and Health
• Social, Behavioral, and Political Sciences
• Health and Development
• Health Systems: The Case for Reform
• Advocacy and Consumerism
• The Health Field Concept
• The Value of Medical Care in Public Health
• Health Targets
• Individual and Community Participation in Health
• Human Ecology and Health Promotion
• Defining Public Health Standards
• Integrative Approaches to Public Health
• Achievements of Public Health
• The Future of Public Health
• The New Public Health
• Summary
• Note

Chapter 3. Measuring, Monitoring, and Evaluating the Health of a Population

• Introduction
• Demography
• Life Expectancy
• Epidemiology
• Social Epidemiology
• Epidemiology in Building Health Policy
• Definitions and Methods of Epidemiology
• Sentinel Events
• The Burden of Disease
• Years of Potential Life Lost
• Measurement
• Normal Distribution
• Standardization of Rates
• Potential Errors in Measurement
• Screening for Disease
• Epidemiological Studies
• Establishing Causal Relationships
• Notification of Diseases
• Special Registries and Reporting Systems
• Disease Classification
• Hospital Discharge Information
• Health Information Systems (Informatics)
• Surveillance, Reporting, and Publication
• Assessing the Health of the Individual
• Assessment of Population Health
• Health Care Financing and Organization
• From Health Information to Knowledge to Policy
• Summary
• Note

Chapter 4. Communicable Diseases

• Introduction
• Public Health and the Control of Communicable Disease
• The Nature of Communicable Disease
• Host–Agent–Environment Triad
• Classifications of Communicable Diseases
• Modes of Transmission of Disease
• Immunity
• Surveillance
• Healthcare-Associated Infections
• Endemic and Epidemic Disease
• Control of Communicable Diseases
• Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
• Vaccine Regulation, Schedules, and Programs
• Essentials of an Immunization Program
• Connections Between Infectious and Chronic Diseases
• Control and Eradication of Infectious Diseases
• Vectorborne Diseases
• Neglected Tropical Diseases
• Legionnaire’s Disease
• Leprosy
• Sexually Transmitted Infections
• HIV/AIDS
• Diarrheal Diseases
• Acute Respiratory Infections
• Inequalities in Control of Communicable Diseases
• Communicable Disease Control in the New Public Health
• Summary
• Note

Chapter 5. Non-Communicable Diseases and Conditions

• Introduction
• The Rise and Spread of Chronic Disease
• Environment and Lifestyle
• Global Burden of Mortality
• Risk Factors, Health Promotion, and Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases
• The Social and Economic Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases
• Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
• Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Cancer
• Trauma, Violence, and Injury
• Chronic Lung Disease
• End-Stage Renal Disease
• Disabling Conditions
• Neurological Disorders
• Visual Disorders
• Hearing Disorders
• Non-Communicable Diseases and the New Public Health
• Integrated Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control
• Summary
• Note

Chapter 6. Family Health

• Introduction
• The Family Unit
• Preventive Health through Life Stages
• The Family Physician Cannot do All This Alone
• Maternal Health
• Pregnancy Care
• Labor and Delivery
• Genetic and Birth Disorders
• Infant and Child Health
• Infancy Care and Feeding
• Anticipatory Counseling
• Documentation, Records, and Monitoring
• Preschool Children (Age 1–5 Years)
• School and Adolescent Health
• Adult Health
• Women’s Health
• Men’s Health
• Health of Older Adults
• Summary
• Note

Chapter 7. Special Community Health Needs

• Introduction
• Mental Health
• Oral Health
• Physical Disability and Rehabilitation
• Special Group Health Needs
• Military Medicine
• Health in Disasters
• Summary
• Note

Chapter 8. Nutrition and Food Safety

• Introduction
• Development of Nutrition in Public Health
• Nutrition in a Global Context
• Nutrition and Infection
• Functions of Food
• Human Nutritional Requirements
• Growth
• Measuring Body Mass
• Recommended Dietary Intakes
• Disorders of Undernutrition
• Diseases of Overnutrition
• Nutrition in Pregnancy and Lactation
• Promoting Healthy Diets and Lifestyles
• Dietary Guidelines
• Vitamin and Mineral Enrichment of Basic Foods
• Genetically Modified Foods
• Food and Nutrition Policy
• Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation
• Global Nutrition Targets for 2025
• Food Quality and Safety
• Nutrition and the New Public Health
• Summary
• Note

Chapter 9. Environmental and Occupational Health

• Environmental Health
• Occupational Health
• Note

Chapter 10. Organization of Public Health Systems

• Introduction
• Government and Health of the Nation
• Functions of Public Health
• Non-Governmental Roles in Health
• Disasters and Public Health Preparedness
• Medical Practice and Public Health
• Incentives and Regulation
• National Government Public Health Services
• State Government Public Health Services
• Local Health Authorities
• Accreditation OF Public Health Departments
• Monitoring Health Status
• National Health Targets
• Universal Health Coverage and the New Public Health
• Hospitals in the New Public Health
• Innovations in Health Care Delivery
• The Uninsured as a Public Health Challenge
• Summary
• Note

Chapter 11. Measuring Costs: The Economics of Health

• Introduction
• Economic Issues of Health Systems
• Basic Concepts in Health Economics
• Supply, Need, Demand, and Utilization of Health Services
• Competition in Health Care
• Elasticities of Demand
• Measuring Costs
• Economic Measures of Health Status
• Cost–Benefit Analysis
• Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
• Basic Assessment Scheme for Intervention Costs and Consequences
• The Value of Human Life
• Health Financing: The Macroeconomic Level
• Costs of Illness
• Medical and Hospital Care: Microeconomics
• Health Maintenance and Managed Care Organizations
• District Health Systems
• Paying for Hospital Care
• Capital Costs
• Hospital Supply, Utilization, and Costs
• Modified Market Forces
• Economics of Prevention
• Game Theory, Economics, and Health Policy
• Economics and the New Public Health
• Summary
• Note

Chapter 12. Planning and Managing Health Systems

• Introduction
• Health Policy and Planning as Context
• The Elements of Organizations
• Scientific Management
• Bureaucratic Pyramidal Organizations
• Organizations as Energy Systems
• Target-Oriented Management
• Human Relations Management
• Network Organization
• Total Quality Management
• Changing Human Behavior
• Empowerment
• Strategic Management of Health Systems
• Health System Organization Models
• Skills for Management
• The Chief Executive Officer of Health Organizations
• Community Participation
• Integration: Lateral and Vertical
• Norms and Performance Indicators
• Health Promotion and Advocacy
• Philanthropy and Volunteerism
• New Organizational Models
• New Projects and their Evaluation
• Competencies in Health Policy and Management
• Systems Approach and National Planning
• Summary
• Note

Chapter 13. National Health Systems

• Introduction
• Health Systems in the Industrialized Countries
• Health Systems in Developing Countries
• Federal Republic of Nigeria
• Latin America and the Caribbean
• Asia
• Comparing National Health Systems
• Reforming National Health Systems
• Summary
• Note

Chapter 14. Human Resources for Health

• Introduction
• Overview of Human Resources
• Human Resources Planning
• Medical Education
• Postgraduate Medical Training
• Specialization and Family Practice
• Training in Preventive Medicine
• Nursing Education
• In-Service and Continuing Education
• Accreditation of Health Professional Educational or Training Facilities
• The Range of Health Disciplines
• Licensure and Supervision
• Constraints on the Health Care Provider
• Other Health Professions
• Expanding Roles in Primary Care
• Alternative Medicine
• Changing the Balance
• Education for Public Health and Health Management
• Health Policy and Management of Human Resources
• Summary
• Note

Chapter 15. Health Technology, Quality, Law, and Ethics

• Introduction
• Innovation, Regulation, and Quality Control
• Appropriate Health Technology
• Health Technology Assessment
• Dissemination of Technology
• Diffusion of Technology
• Quality Assurance
• Organization of Care
• Performance Indicators
• Consumerism and Quality
• The Public Interest
• Total Quality Management
• Public Health Law
• Ethical Issues In Public Health
• Summary
• Note

Chapter 16. Global Health

• Introduction
• The Global Health Situation
• Priorities in Global Health
• Development and Health
• Organization for International Health
• World Health Organization
• United Nations Children’s Fund
• Non-Governmental Organizations
• The World Bank
• Trends in Global Health
• Emerging Infectious Disease Threats
• Expanding National Health Capacity
• Top–Down and Bottom–Up Development
• Global Health and the New Public Health
• Summary
• Note